I agree with you on the legacy of discrimination, but it's more complicated than that.
I tell people all the time: "If you want to see the 'American Dream' in action, come to Miami and visit Little Haiti."
Here's the situation of Haitians arriving in Miami in the early days (1980-1982):
- They were here illegally.
- They had no money or clothes beyond what they were wearing.
- They had no family here (unlike generations of Cubans)
- They had no job skills. Most of them had never held a "job."
- Most of them had never set foot in either a classroom or a doctor's office.
- Most of them could not read or write their own language -- they were illiterate.
- They did not speak or understand English.
- They did not speak or understand Spanish unless they lived on the border with the Dominican Republic.
- They spoke a language that nobody else in Miami spoke.
- They had never ridden a bicycle, much less driven a car.
- They were simple people -- easy prey for scams, exploitation, and depredation
- And...they were black.
Other than that, the Haitians had the world by the tail!
Come to Miami and see the amazing things they have accomplished -- and you will see what is possible when you have all the laws, and all the circumstances of life, arrayed against you.
Can't ride a bike? Fine. Drive a cab and support your family.
Can't read or write? Go to school.
Then go to college.
Then go to law school, or medical school.
And then move back to Little Haiti to open your practice.
Come to Miami and visit Little Haiti. Akeyi!